or Three Characteristics of Buddhism:
The Buddha taught that everything in the physical world,
including mental activity and psychological experience, is marked with
three characteristics -- impermanence, suffering and egolessness. Thorough
examination and awareness of these marks helps us abandon the grasping and
clinging that bind us.
1. Suffering (Dukkha)
The Pali word dukkha is most often translated as
"suffering," but it also means "unsatisfactory" or
"imperfect." Everything material and mental that begins and
ends, is composed of the five skandhas, and has not been liberated to Nirvana, is dukkha. Thus, even beautiful things and
pleasant experiences are dukkha.
2. Impermanence (Anicca)
Impermanence is the fundamental property of everything that is
conditioned. All conditioned things are impermanent and are in a constant
state of flux. Because all conditioned things are constantly in
flux, liberation is possible.
3. Egolessness (Anatta)
Anatta (anatman in Sanskrit) is also translated as nonself or
nonessentiality. This is the teaching that "you" are not an
integral, autonomous entity. The individual self, or what we might call the
ego, is more correctly thought of as a by-product of the skandhas. - Ngũ uẩn.
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